While rural development and urbanization have led to significant poverty reduction in the south, similar. The issue of north south youth migration is particularly important to ghana because of the long tradition of population mobility and high rates of ruralurban migration and in recent times child migration that has characterised migration patterns in the country hashim, 2005. Pdf this paper revisits the old northsouth migration discourse in ghana by focusing on nandom youth migrants in accra. The extent of migration between developing countries, called southsouth migration, and the issues surrounding it remain poorly understood. This broad theoretical framework is useful to look at the case of ghanas northern regions. The movement of youth from rural northern ghana to the south has been a recurrent research focus. For the first time in the history of ghana, the government of ghana has formulated a comprehensive national migration policy nmp to help manage its internal, intraregional and international migration flows for poverty reduction and sustained national development. Other studies on northsouth migration have focused on the migration of young females from the northern sector to the southern parts of ghana to engaged in various economic activities such as. Available formats pdf please select a format to send. Ghanas internal migration is primarily a northsouth phenomenon established well before the census started officially recording migration data in 1960 agyei and ofosumensah ababio 2009. Migration, social demands and environmental change. This is the case between the 1910 and 1960 censuses and in the last intercensal period 19842000.
Remittances, northern ghana, northsouth migration, accra, kumasi, susu. This study regards north south migration in ghana with a focus put on social networks and possibilities for mobility of young returnees and nonmigrants in the northern region. Contemporary female migration in ghana demographic research. Reintegration experiences of internal return migrants in the. Introduction in the words of mansell prothero, migration movements have been a feature of africa in the past and are one of its most important demographical features at the present day anarfi. The purpose of this paper is to determine the importance of the environment as a driver of northsouth migration in ghana. Other studies on northsouth migration have focused on the migration of young females from the northern sector to the southern parts of ghana to engaged in various economic activities such as the kaya yei.
Bridging the north south divide in ghana world bank. A historical perspective on northsouth and southsouth relations 3. A dissertation presented by lynda joyce pickbourn submitted to the graduate school of the university of massachusetts amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of doctor of philosophy september 2011 department of economics. In ghana, three regions upper west, upper east and northern have the highest proportion of voluntary outmigrants but the percentage share of the population of these regions together has been less than 20. The purpose of this paper is to determine the importance of the environment as a driver of north south migration in ghana. A number of studies have been conducted on various aspects of north south migration in ghana, some of which have focused on remittances from migrants to their home villages, migration as a livelihood strategy adapted by the migrants, migration and agricultural productivity, and migration and. It is against this background that ghanas migration profile has been prepared to highlight the movements within, from and into the country.
One of the reasons for this phenomenon is the different ecological zones in the subregion. Almost one in every five people born in northern ghana is living in. The number of urban drawlers is expected to increase in the worlds two poorest regions south asia and subsaharan africa in the next two decades. The phenomenon of female headload portaging in the large commercial cities of southern ghana has become a social canker. Hereby, qualitative data was used, retrieved from young nonmigrants and returnees in the rural parts of the northern region in ghana. Paper presented at the international conference on environment, forced migration and social. Dagara migration the dagara migration system is part of a larger pattern of northsouth migration in ghana see figure 3. Ghanas internal migration is primarily a northsouth. The high level of migration of people from northern to southern ghana is rooted in historical antecedents.
Jan 07, 2015 in short, migration is a call for both a policy and programme response at all levels of governance. Causes of southsouth migration and its socioeconomic. Part 1 of this series examined data on southsouth migration and southsouth remittances in part 2, the focus is on why migrants from one developing country go to another developing country, and what kinds of socioeconomic effects such movements. Pdf the purpose of this paper is to determine the importance of the environment as a driver of northsouth migration in ghana. In ghana, studies on returnees reintegration are mostly limited to international return migrants from western countries. This paper revisits the old north south migration discourse in ghana by focusing on nandom youth migrants in accra. The perception of greater availability of socioeconomic opportunities in. Ghana geography, climate and population ghana is situated on the west coast of africa with a total area of 238 540 km2. Songsore and denkabe, for example, argued that northern ghanas present underdevelopment is the product of a colonial. The general objective of this study is to explore the gendered strategies of migrants from northern to southern ghana through social networks for the purpose of gaining access to the informal economy. Aside the conscription of people, mostly men, into the royal west african frontier force rwaff of colonial britain, the then northern territories upper east, west and northern regions and parts of burkina faso also served as a labor. Seasonal migration from northern ghana and elsewhere thus serves important functions.
This study regards northsouth migration in ghana with a focus put on social networks and possibilities for mobility of young returnees and nonmigrants in the northern region. The purpose of this paper is to determine the importance of the environment as a driver of north. Awareness of the decisionmaking processes that lie behind the north south independent migration of children would constitute an important basis for the formulation of informed and. Awareness of the decisionmaking processes that lie behind the northsouth independent migration of children would constitute an important basis for the formulation of informed and. Internal migration and northsouth migration in particular, has been prevalent in ghana since the precolonial era. This position is premised on two strands of thought. This paper examines the dynamics of north south migration of the youth and resulting remittances in ghana using accra and kumasi as study areas. Northsouth migration, has been an important direction of flow in ghana and.
This paper examines the dynamics of northsouth migration of the youth and resulting remittances in ghana using accra and kumasi as study areas. Causes of ruralurban migration in sankana in the nadowli. Consequently, the majority end up becoming homeless, sleeps in front of peoples shops at night and become. Historical context of north south migration in ghana the pattern of internal migration in the ghana has particularly been influenced by the stark differences in the levels of development between north and south, as well as their respective capacities to respond to new economic opportunities. Consider, for example, migration from burkina faso, mali, and niger to cote divoire and ghana, and from bangladesh and nepal to india. It appears ruralurban migration in ghana as far as young female migrants.
Internally, northsouth migration has long marked ghanas migration dynamics 14. Migration is increasingly recognized as a major human. This article explores the role access to capital plays in the labor relocat. In west africa, seasonal internal migration, especially northsouth migration, has been an important movement pattern since early colonial times anar. Using statistics on migration flows by country of origin gathered by three of the traditional countries of immigration australia, canada and the united states of america and five european countries belgium, federal republic of germany, netherlands, sweden and the. The government, through the wa west district assembly, the savanna accelerated development authority sada and other development partners should rigorously promote socioeconomic development in the north to reduce outmigration in the wwd. Europeans on the west coast from the 1400s onwards disrupted the then existing northsouth movement of people and goods. It explores the perspectives of resident nandom youth migrants in accra with emphasis on three key issues, namely perception, predisposing factors and impacts of their southern migration project on the nandom community. Return migrants in the northsouth independent child migration in ghana.
Bridging the north south divide in ghana draft summary the intractability of regional inequality in ghana regional inequality is significant. Research paper on migration conducted by leila ezzarqui, senior research officer, alliance of civilizations secretariat, united nations, new york based on a background research report prepared by yasemin soysal, university of essex this paper was prepared by the alliance of civilizations secretariat for consideration by the highlevel group. Drivers of northsouth migration in the wa west district. The nexus of female capital and northsouth labor migration. Northsouth relations in theoretical perspective it was not until the second world war had destroyed the old world order that the issue of development of the societies in africa, asia, and latin america came on the agenda of policymakers and scientists in the north. The study aims at the relationship between ruralurban migration and urban poverty in ghana with a focus on some areas in accra.
Coping strategies of independent child migrants from. Increasing population growth in northern ghana is an indication of reduced northsouth migration and. The internal migration choices of ghanaian youths unuwider. Lattof et al contemporary female migration in ghana. Perhaps the situation of migration in ghana manifests all the types of human movements that i have outlined above. The general objective of this study is to explore the gendered strategies of migrants from northern to southern ghana through social networks for the. Aside the conscription of people, mostly men, into the royal west african frontier force rwaff of colonial britain, the then northern. Dagara migration the dagara migration system is part of a larger pattern of. The map shows that the migration stream from northern ghana to the. The country has a northsouth extent of about 670 km and a maximum eastwest extent of about 560 km. Using statistics on migration flows by country of origin gathered by three of the traditional countries of immigration australia, canada and the united states of america and five european countries belgium, federal republic of germany, netherlands, sweden and the united kingdom of. Local perceptions of migration from northwest ghana.
Internal migration, especially northsouth migration, has been an important direction of flow in ghana and indeed the entire west africa since the precolonial era. Economic returns, migrants subculture, northsouth migration, ghana. Historical context of northsouth migration in ghana the pattern of internal migration in the ghana has particularly been influenced by the stark differences in the levels of development between north and south, as well as their respective capacities to respond to. Southsouth migration is estimated to account for half of all outward migration from south asia, 64 per cent of migration. The issue of northsouth youth migration is particularly important to ghana because of the long tradition of population mobility and high rates of ruralurban migration and in recent times child migration that has characterised migration patterns in the country hashim, 2005. Paper presented at the international conference on environment, forced migration and social vulnerability, bonn, 911 october. Local perceptions of migration from northwest ghana africa. The researcher administered questionnaires, interview guide, visually observed and took notes on the field. The new economics of labour migration nelm interprets. Northsouth migration to developing countries frank laczko head, migration research division, international organization for migration european migration network conference, dublin, june 14. This phenomenon is due to northsouth migration which has been widely attributed to low socioeconomic development and unfavourable physical characteristics in these regions. Challenges and concerns about migration and trafficking in.
The paper contributes to the growing body of literature that has highlighted the impact of underdevelopment and poverty as. Tackling poverty in northern ghana english the world bank. Migration, social demands and environmental change amongst. Dagara migration the dagara migration system is part of a larger pattern of north south migration in ghana see figure 3. Twenty years of rapid economic development in ghana has done little, if anything, to reduce the historical north, south divide in standards of living. Accratema and sekonditakoradi is the most industrialized. This article explores the role access to capital plays in the labor relocation of women from northern to southern ghana to engage in street headload portaging, with the goal of examining the potential of microfinance to reverse this trend. Migration in ghana, like migration anywhere else in the world, is in response to imbalances in development existing between origin and destination areas.
Oct 17, 2007 given the extreme poverty in many lowincome countries, substantial migration flows also occur among lowincome countries of different income levels. Development research centre on migration, globalisation and poverty, university of sussex working paper t29. The history of migration in ghana there is a long history of migration both internal and international in ghana peil, 1974. We argue that internal migration may not be a silver bullet in the fight against poverty. Northsouth migration and remittances in ghana african. This paper revisits the old northsouth migration discourse in ghana by focusing on nandom youth migrants in accra. An important insight from this paper is that migration flows in ghana can be explained partly by vegetation dynamics.
Almost one in every five people born in northern ghana is living in southern ghana. However, the contact with europeans created new patterns of movement, first through slave trade and later colonisation, within the subregion and with the. Tackling poverty in northern ghana english abstract. North south migration to developing countries frank laczko head, migration research division, international organization for migration european migration network conference, dublin, june 14. African states such as burkina faso, niger, and mali. Causes of southsouth migration and its socioeconomic effects.
Northsouth migration flows, as well as patterns based on historical ties refer to, for example, the lusophone countries, which, against a background of economic recession in the. Migration has historically been a way of life in west africa and migration within ghana is no exception. Reintegration experiences of internal return migrants in. Journal of identity and migration studies volume 11, number 2, 2017 47 reintegration experiences of internal return migrants in the wa municipality, ghana elijah yendaw, augustine tanle and stephen b. Net flows of less than 40,000 people are excluded from the figure. March 1, 2011 document of the world bank report no. Migrant remittances have played an important role in the. Aug 09, 2018 internal migration and north south migration in particular, has been prevalent in ghana since the precolonial era. Migration in ghana migration in ghana iom publications.